to compromise

שָׁמֵןI (b. h.) (to be smooth,) to be fat. Hif. הִשְׁמִין to grow fat, improve. Y.B. Kam.IX, beg.6d גזל כחושה והִשְׁמִינָה if he took forcibly a lean animal, and it grew fat (in his possession); Tosef. ib. VII, 17; Bab. ib. 65a; a. e. Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּמֵּן to become smooth, bright; to glisten. Gen. R. s. 34 כל שהוא … היא מִשְׁתַּמֶּנֶת the more he beats it (the flax), the more it will glisten; Yalk. ib. 95; Yalk. Ps. 654. Pi. שִׁמֵּן 1) (denom. of שֶׁמֶן) to oil. Men.23a קומץ … ששִׁמְּנוֹוכ׳ the handful of the sinners meal-offering on which he (the priest) put oil, … has become unfit for the altar; Yalk. Lev. 474. 2) to smooth, level; ש׳ בין to compromise to average. B. Mets.87a השוכר … מְשַׁמְּנִין ביניהם if one hires a laborer, saying, I will pay you as much as one or two of the inhabitants of the place get: he may pay him the lowest wages … the scholars say, you compromise between them, i. e. you make him pay the average wages. B. Bath.VII, 4 האומר … משמנין ביניהםוכ׳ if one says to his neighbor, I sell thee one-half of my field (and one part is better than the other), we compromise between them, i. e. the field is divided into two portions of equal value, but the purchaser must take whichever portion the seller may assign to him; חציה בדרום … משמניןוכ׳ if he says, I sell thee half of the field on the south side, we compromise between them, and he gets his portion on the south side; expl. ib. 107b משמנין … לדמי ‘we compromise means according to value. Bekh.II, 6, sq. משמנין ביניהם we compromise between them, i. e. the priest takes the inferior of the twin animals, and the difference in value remains under litigation; expl. ib. 18a מהו משמנין שומן יהא ביניהן mshammnin means, the fat one (the difference of value) remains to be decided, v. שוּמָן.

שָׁמֵןI (b. h.) (to be smooth,) to be fat. Hif. הִשְׁמִין to grow fat, improve. Y.B. Kam.IX, beg.6d גזל כחושה והִשְׁמִינָה if he took forcibly a lean animal, and it grew fat (in his possession); Tosef. ib. VII, 17; Bab. ib. 65a; a. e. Hithpa. הִשְׁתַּמֵּן to become smooth, bright; to glisten. Gen. R. s. 34 כל שהוא … היא מִשְׁתַּמֶּנֶת the more he beats it (the flax), the more it will glisten; Yalk. ib. 95; Yalk. Ps. 654. Pi. שִׁמֵּן 1) (denom. of שֶׁמֶן) to oil. Men.23a קומץ … ששִׁמְּנוֹוכ׳ the handful of the sinners meal-offering on which he (the priest) put oil, … has become unfit for the altar; Yalk. Lev. 474. 2) to smooth, level; ש׳ בין to compromise to average. B. Mets.87a השוכר … מְשַׁמְּנִין ביניהם if one hires a laborer, saying, I will pay you as much as one or two of the inhabitants of the place get: he may pay him the lowest wages … the scholars say, you compromise between them, i. e. you make him pay the average wages. B. Bath.VII, 4 האומר … משמנין ביניהםוכ׳ if one says to his neighbor, I sell thee one-half of my field (and one part is better than the other), we compromise between them, i. e. the field is divided into two portions of equal value, but the purchaser must take whichever portion the seller may assign to him; חציה בדרום … משמניןוכ׳ if he says, I sell thee half of the field on the south side, we compromise between them, and he gets his portion on the south side; expl. ib. 107b משמנין … לדמי ‘we compromise means according to value. Bekh.II, 6, sq. משמנין ביניהם we compromise between them, i. e. the priest takes the inferior of the twin animals, and the difference in value remains under litigation; expl. ib. 18a מהו משמנין שומן יהא ביניהן mshammnin means, the fat one (the difference of value) remains to be decided, v. שוּמָן.

פָּשַׁר(to divide, to spread, 1) to melt, dissolve. Mekh. Bshall., Vayassʿa, s. 4 (expl. ונמס, Ex. 16:21, cmp. פִּשְׁפָּש III) כיון … היה פוֹשֵׁי והולךוכ׳ when the sun shone upon it (the manna), it melted and formed rivulets which ran 2) to be stale, tepid. Tanḥ. Vayesheb 4 כוס פשור (prob. to be read פּוֹשֵׁר) a cup of wine mixed with stale water. Sifra Mtsorʿa, ch. I מים פושרים stale water (from pools), opp. מים חיים. Par. VIII, 9 (מים) המלוחים והפּוֹשְׁרִים salty water and pool water.In gen. פּוֹשְׁרִים, פּוֹשְׁרִין (sub. מים) tepid liquids. Y.Sabb.XX, 17c bot., opp. צונין. Gen. R. s. 86 when his master said to him מזיג פ׳ והיו פ׳ mix the wine with tepid water, it was tepid, opp. רותחין. Ber.16b; Y. ib. II, 5b bot.; v. כָּיָה. Y.Nidd.II. beg.50c; a. fr.Y.Keth.X, end, 34a, v. Pi.Yalk. Gen. 38 ופשרתי, v. Nithpa. Hif. הִפְשִׁיר 1) to make tepid; to temper, cool. Sabb.40b מפני שמַפְשִׁיר מים שעליו because (by standing against the fire after a cold bath) he tempers (warms) the water on his body. Ib. III, 5 (41a, sq.) כדי להַפְשִׁירָן enough to temper the cold water, opp. בשביל שיחמי to get hot. Y. ib. III, 6b top מותר להַפְשִׁיר במקום שהיד שולטת you may temper (cold water, on the Sabbath) by contact with a temperature which the hand can endure. Lev. R. s. 26 (ref. to Ez. 10:7) הִפְשִׁירָן ונתנןוכ׳ he lowered the temperature of the coals and handed them to him; Yalk. Kings 220; Tanḥ. Emor 3; Midr. Sam. ch. XXIV (Yoma 77a נצטננו). Pesik. R. s. 12 (ref. to קָרְךָ, Deut. 25:18) אשר קֵירְךָ הִפְשִׁירְךָוכ׳ ‘who cooled thee, he (Amalek) made thee lukewarm, he made thee cold like water (so that others were encouraged to attack thee); a. fr. 2) (v. פְּשָׁרָה) to compromise. Y.Sot.v.20c bot. אברהם עשה … וה׳ עמו וכרות עמווכ׳ Abraham changed the evil inclination within him into good …, he compromised with it, (as we read, Neh. 9:8,) and he made a covenant with it (his heart); Y.Ber.IX, 14b bot. והפסיד אלא (corr. acc.).Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 11, v. infra. Nif. נִפְשַׁר to be dissolved; to be tempered. B. Kam.28b אפי׳ נִפְשָׁרָה even if the vessel fell apart (and its contents made the ground slippery). Sabb.40b לא בשביל שיבשל … שיִפָּשֵׁר not that it (the oil) be heated to boiling, but only that it be tempered (or be made more liquid). Pi. פִּישֵּׁר 1) to separate, tear loose, disengage. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 1 את מְפַשֵּׁר אותהוכ׳ thou disengagest it (the thorn sticking to thy garments) here, and it sticks there; Pesik. R. s. 10 beg. והוא מפשר אותהוכ׳ (not אותם). Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. מְפַשְּׁרָןוכ׳ he may pick them (the thorns) out, … provided he does not tear the garment; Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 11 מפשר בידו Var. (ed. Zuck. מפשיר). Pesik. R. s. 13 עמד ופִשְּׁרוֹ הימנו he stood up and tore it (the dog) away from him. Ib. זכור היאך פִּישַּׁרְתִּי הימךוכ׳ remember how I tore the dog away from thee; a. e. 2) to temper. Lam. R. to I, 12 יום אחד היה תרון … פִּשְּׁרוֹ the glowing wrath of the Lord lasted one day; if Israel had repented, he would have cooled it off. 3) to compromise, arbitrate. Y.B. Mets.VI, 11a top באותו שיכול לפַשֵּׁר in a case of seizure for service ( אנגריא), when he might have compromised (pay a certain amount and release the seized animal). Y.Snh.I, 18b bot. שנים שפִּישְּׁרוּוכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract. Y.Keth.X, end, 34a (read:) פי׳ מן השני חזקהוכ׳ if he compromised with the second creditor, it is taken for granted that the first creditor has a right to seize the debtors property (without regard to the claims of the second); פי׳ מן הראשון … פי׳ if he compromised with the first creditor …, he has compromised (the compromise is binding, and the second creditor cannot seize that portion of the property which the first would have had a right to claim, v. Asheri to Keth.91b). Nithpa. נִתְפַּשֵּׁר to be disentangled; trnsf. to be acquitted, pardoned. Gen. R. s. 22 עשיתי תשובה ונִתְפַּשַּׁרְתִּי I repented and was pardoned; Lev. R. s. 10; Midr. Till. to Ps. 100; Yalk. Gen. 38 ופשרתי (corr. acc.).

פָּשַׁר(to divide, to spread, 1) to melt, dissolve. Mekh. Bshall., Vayassʿa, s. 4 (expl. ונמס, Ex. 16:21, cmp. פִּשְׁפָּש III) כיון … היה פוֹשֵׁי והולךוכ׳ when the sun shone upon it (the manna), it melted and formed rivulets which ran 2) to be stale, tepid. Tanḥ. Vayesheb 4 כוס פשור (prob. to be read פּוֹשֵׁר) a cup of wine mixed with stale water. Sifra Mtsorʿa, ch. I מים פושרים stale water (from pools), opp. מים חיים. Par. VIII, 9 (מים) המלוחים והפּוֹשְׁרִים salty water and pool water.In gen. פּוֹשְׁרִים, פּוֹשְׁרִין (sub. מים) tepid liquids. Y.Sabb.XX, 17c bot., opp. צונין. Gen. R. s. 86 when his master said to him מזיג פ׳ והיו פ׳ mix the wine with tepid water, it was tepid, opp. רותחין. Ber.16b; Y. ib. II, 5b bot.; v. כָּיָה. Y.Nidd.II. beg.50c; a. fr.Y.Keth.X, end, 34a, v. Pi.Yalk. Gen. 38 ופשרתי, v. Nithpa. Hif. הִפְשִׁיר 1) to make tepid; to temper, cool. Sabb.40b מפני שמַפְשִׁיר מים שעליו because (by standing against the fire after a cold bath) he tempers (warms) the water on his body. Ib. III, 5 (41a, sq.) כדי להַפְשִׁירָן enough to temper the cold water, opp. בשביל שיחמי to get hot. Y. ib. III, 6b top מותר להַפְשִׁיר במקום שהיד שולטת you may temper (cold water, on the Sabbath) by contact with a temperature which the hand can endure. Lev. R. s. 26 (ref. to Ez. 10:7) הִפְשִׁירָן ונתנןוכ׳ he lowered the temperature of the coals and handed them to him; Yalk. Kings 220; Tanḥ. Emor 3; Midr. Sam. ch. XXIV (Yoma 77a נצטננו). Pesik. R. s. 12 (ref. to קָרְךָ, Deut. 25:18) אשר קֵירְךָ הִפְשִׁירְךָוכ׳ ‘who cooled thee, he (Amalek) made thee lukewarm, he made thee cold like water (so that others were encouraged to attack thee); a. fr. 2) (v. פְּשָׁרָה) to compromise. Y.Sot.v.20c bot. אברהם עשה … וה׳ עמו וכרות עמווכ׳ Abraham changed the evil inclination within him into good …, he compromised with it, (as we read, Neh. 9:8,) and he made a covenant with it (his heart); Y.Ber.IX, 14b bot. והפסיד אלא (corr. acc.).Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 11, v. infra. Nif. נִפְשַׁר to be dissolved; to be tempered. B. Kam.28b אפי׳ נִפְשָׁרָה even if the vessel fell apart (and its contents made the ground slippery). Sabb.40b לא בשביל שיבשל … שיִפָּשֵׁר not that it (the oil) be heated to boiling, but only that it be tempered (or be made more liquid). Pi. פִּישֵּׁר 1) to separate, tear loose, disengage. Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 1 את מְפַשֵּׁר אותהוכ׳ thou disengagest it (the thorn sticking to thy garments) here, and it sticks there; Pesik. R. s. 10 beg. והוא מפשר אותהוכ׳ (not אותם). Y.Sabb.VII, 10a bot. מְפַשְּׁרָןוכ׳ he may pick them (the thorns) out, … provided he does not tear the garment; Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 11 מפשר בידו Var. (ed. Zuck. מפשיר). Pesik. R. s. 13 עמד ופִשְּׁרוֹ הימנו he stood up and tore it (the dog) away from him. Ib. זכור היאך פִּישַּׁרְתִּי הימךוכ׳ remember how I tore the dog away from thee; a. e. 2) to temper. Lam. R. to I, 12 יום אחד היה תרון … פִּשְּׁרוֹ the glowing wrath of the Lord lasted one day; if Israel had repented, he would have cooled it off. 3) to compromise, arbitrate. Y.B. Mets.VI, 11a top באותו שיכול לפַשֵּׁר in a case of seizure for service ( אנגריא), when he might have compromised (pay a certain amount and release the seized animal). Y.Snh.I, 18b bot. שנים שפִּישְּׁרוּוכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract. Y.Keth.X, end, 34a (read:) פי׳ מן השני חזקהוכ׳ if he compromised with the second creditor, it is taken for granted that the first creditor has a right to seize the debtors property (without regard to the claims of the second); פי׳ מן הראשון … פי׳ if he compromised with the first creditor …, he has compromised (the compromise is binding, and the second creditor cannot seize that portion of the property which the first would have had a right to claim, v. Asheri to Keth.91b). Nithpa. נִתְפַּשֵּׁר to be disentangled; trnsf. to be acquitted, pardoned. Gen. R. s. 22 עשיתי תשובה ונִתְפַּשַּׁרְתִּי I repented and was pardoned; Lev. R. s. 10; Midr. Till. to Ps. 100; Yalk. Gen. 38 ופשרתי (corr. acc.).

פְּשָׁרָהf. (פָּשַׁר) ( division, cmp. בָּצַע, compromise, settlement (cmp. Samar. פשרונה for משפט, Ex. 21:1, a. fr.. Keth.X, 6 עד שיעשו פ׳ ביניהם until they agree to a division among them. Tosef.Snh.I, 2 כשם שהדין … כך הפ׳ בשלשה as three judges are required for legal judgment, so are three required for arbitration; Bab. ib. 5b ופ׳ בשנים a compromise is valid if made before two judges. Ib. שנים שעשו פ׳וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract (v. פָּשַׁר). Y. ib. I, 18b, v. הַכְרָעָה. Ber.10a; a. fr.Sifré Num. 95 פ׳ היא זווכ׳ this is to be a compromise (between God and ourselves), he cannot give us what we demand.

פְּשָׁרָהf. (פָּשַׁר) ( division, cmp. בָּצַע, compromise, settlement (cmp. Samar. פשרונה for משפט, Ex. 21:1, a. fr.. Keth.X, 6 עד שיעשו פ׳ ביניהם until they agree to a division among them. Tosef.Snh.I, 2 כשם שהדין … כך הפ׳ בשלשה as three judges are required for legal judgment, so are three required for arbitration; Bab. ib. 5b ופ׳ בשנים a compromise is valid if made before two judges. Ib. שנים שעשו פ׳וכ׳ when two judges have arbitrated, the parties cannot retract (v. פָּשַׁר). Y. ib. I, 18b, v. הַכְרָעָה. Ber.10a; a. fr.Sifré Num. 95 פ׳ היא זווכ׳ this is to be a compromise (between God and ourselves), he cannot give us what we demand.

שִׁיפְיוּת, שִׁפְ׳f. (שָׁפָה III) quiet, peace; compromise. Y.Yeb.IV, 5d top עושין ש׳ ביניהןוכ׳ we make a compromise between them, and divide the dead mans estate (between the yabam and the son whose paternity is in doubt). Ib. נמצאת אומר ש׳ באחיןוכ׳ (not לאחיו) consequently, peace between brothers (a compromise between the yabam and the son who may be is his deceased brothers son) is a loss to the brothers (the succeeding sons, who will inherit only one half of the estate), opp. תחרות.

שִׁיפְיוּת, שִׁפְ׳f. (שָׁפָה III) quiet, peace; compromise. Y.Yeb.IV, 5d top עושין ש׳ ביניהןוכ׳ we make a compromise between them, and divide the dead mans estate (between the yabam and the son whose paternity is in doubt). Ib. נמצאת אומר ש׳ באחיןוכ׳ (not לאחיו) consequently, peace between brothers (a compromise between the yabam and the son who may be is his deceased brothers son) is a loss to the brothers (the succeeding sons, who will inherit only one half of the estate), opp. תחרות.

שִׁיפְיוּת, שִׁפְ׳f. (שָׁפָה III) quiet, peace; compromise. Y.Yeb.IV, 5d top עושין ש׳ ביניהןוכ׳ we make a compromise between them, and divide the dead mans estate (between the yabam and the son whose paternity is in doubt). Ib. נמצאת אומר ש׳ באחיןוכ׳ (not לאחיו) consequently, peace between brothers (a compromise between the yabam and the son who may be is his deceased brothers son) is a loss to the brothers (the succeeding sons, who will inherit only one half of the estate), opp. תחרות.

שִׁיפְיוּת, שִׁפְ׳f. (שָׁפָה III) quiet, peace; compromise. Y.Yeb.IV, 5d top עושין ש׳ ביניהןוכ׳ we make a compromise between them, and divide the dead mans estate (between the yabam and the son whose paternity is in doubt). Ib. נמצאת אומר ש׳ באחיןוכ׳ (not לאחיו) consequently, peace between brothers (a compromise between the yabam and the son who may be is his deceased brothers son) is a loss to the brothers (the succeeding sons, who will inherit only one half of the estate), opp. תחרות.

בָּצַע(b. h.; √בץ; cmp. בזע, בקע, פצע) 1) to cut, break, esp. to break bread and say the blessing. Ḥull.7b מימיו לא ב׳ עלוכ׳ never said grace over a piece of bread which was not his own (never accepted an invitation). Ber.46a בע״הב בּוֹצֵעַוכ׳ the host breaks the bread and the guest says grace after meal. Ib. 47a אין הבוצע רשאי לִבְצוֹעַוכ׳ he who is chosen to break the bread, must not begin to break until the Amen of those that respond (to the blessing) is finished; a. fr. 2) to split the difference, to adjust, compromise. Snh.6b top נגמר … לבצוע after the legal proceedings are closed, thou must not act as an arbiter in a compromise. Ib. אסור לב׳ the court is forbidden to attempt a settlement (you must let the law take its course). Ib. מצוה לב׳ it is a meritorious act to bring about a settlement. Ib. (before having formed an opinion the judge may say) צאו ובִצְעוּ go out and settle; a. fr. Pi. בִּצַּע to adjust. Y.Snh.I, 18b top המְבַצֵּעַ חוטא the judge who settles a case is a sinner. Ib. לְבַצֵּעַ (interch. with לבצוע). V. בִּיצּוּעַ.

בָּצַע(b. h.; √בץ; cmp. בזע, בקע, פצע) 1) to cut, break, esp. to break bread and say the blessing. Ḥull.7b מימיו לא ב׳ עלוכ׳ never said grace over a piece of bread which was not his own (never accepted an invitation). Ber.46a בע״הב בּוֹצֵעַוכ׳ the host breaks the bread and the guest says grace after meal. Ib. 47a אין הבוצע רשאי לִבְצוֹעַוכ׳ he who is chosen to break the bread, must not begin to break until the Amen of those that respond (to the blessing) is finished; a. fr. 2) to split the difference, to adjust, compromise. Snh.6b top נגמר … לבצוע after the legal proceedings are closed, thou must not act as an arbiter in a compromise. Ib. אסור לב׳ the court is forbidden to attempt a settlement (you must let the law take its course). Ib. מצוה לב׳ it is a meritorious act to bring about a settlement. Ib. (before having formed an opinion the judge may say) צאו ובִצְעוּ go out and settle; a. fr. Pi. בִּצַּע to adjust. Y.Snh.I, 18b top המְבַצֵּעַ חוטא the judge who settles a case is a sinner. Ib. לְבַצֵּעַ (interch. with לבצוע). V. בִּיצּוּעַ.

שוּמָאI m., שוּמָה I f. = h. שוּם II, 1) estimate, appraisement, esp. the appraisement of valuables brought into marriage by the wife. Keth.66b ש׳ רבה an appraisement of great proportions, ש׳ זוטא of small proportions; ש׳ דידיה his (the husbands) appraisement, ש׳ דידה her appraisement (made in her paternal home). 2) settlement, compromise. B. Bath. 107a (if three appraisers differ.) עושין ש׳ ביניהן ומשלשין we compromise between them by taking the difference between the highest and the lowest estimates and dividing it by three, i. e. by adding one-third of the difference to the lowest estimate; Tosef.Keth.XI, 2 עושין אותה ש׳ ושמין אותה שליש ed. Zuck. (Var. עושין שוּמָה ביניהןוכ׳; oth. ed. עושין אותי ש׳ ביניהן ושמין אותן שליש). B. Kam.95b, a. e. שומא, v. שוּם I).

שוּמָאI m., שוּמָה I f. = h. שוּם II, 1) estimate, appraisement, esp. the appraisement of valuables brought into marriage by the wife. Keth.66b ש׳ רבה an appraisement of great proportions, ש׳ זוטא of small proportions; ש׳ דידיה his (the husbands) appraisement, ש׳ דידה her appraisement (made in her paternal home). 2) settlement, compromise. B. Bath. 107a (if three appraisers differ.) עושין ש׳ ביניהן ומשלשין we compromise between them by taking the difference between the highest and the lowest estimates and dividing it by three, i. e. by adding one-third of the difference to the lowest estimate; Tosef.Keth.XI, 2 עושין אותה ש׳ ושמין אותה שליש ed. Zuck. (Var. עושין שוּמָה ביניהןוכ׳; oth. ed. עושין אותי ש׳ ביניהן ושמין אותן שליש). B. Kam.95b, a. e. שומא, v. שוּם I).